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1) "Protease" -- As to protease enzymes pro·te·ase
Pronunciation: 'prO-tE-"As, -"Az
Function: noun
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary
: any of numerous enzymes that hydrolyze proteins and are classified according to the most prominent functional group (as serine or cysteine) at the active site -- called also proteinase Pronunciation Symbols
- 1 Definition
- 2 Classification
- 3 Occurrence
- 4 Inhibitors
- 5 Degradation
- 6 Protease research
- 7 References
- 8 External links
| A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain. There are currently six classes of proteases: - Serine proteases
- Threonine proteases
- Cysteine proteases
- Aspartic acid proteases (e. g., plasmepsin)
- Metalloproteases
- Glutamic acid proteases
The threonine and glutamic acid proteases were not described until 1995 and 2004, respectively. The mechanism used to cleave a peptide bond involves making an amino acid residue that has the cysteine and threonine peptidases) or a water molecule (aspartic acid, metallo- and glutamic acid peptidases) nucleophilic so that it can attack the peptide carbonyl group. One way to make a nucleophile is by a catalytic triad, where a histidine residue is used to activate serine, cysteine or threonine as a nucleophile. Proteases occur naturally in all organisms and constitute 1-5% of the gene content. These enzymes are involved in a multitude of physiological reactions from simple digestion of food proteins to highly regulated cascades (e.g., the blood clotting cascade, the complement system, apoptosis pathways, and the invertebrate prophenoloxidase activating cascade). Peptidases can break either specific peptide bonds (limited proteolysis), depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or break down a complete peptide to amino acids (unlimited proteolysis). The activity can be a destructive change abolishing a protein's function or digesting it to its principal components; it can be an activation of a function or it can be a signal in a signalling pathway. Proteases ..."
2) "Enzymes" -- As to protease enzymes en·zyme
Pronunciation: 'en-"zIm
Function: noun
Etymology: German Enzym, from Middle Greek enzymos leavened, from Greek en- + zymE leaven -- more at JUICE
: any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures Pronunciation Symbols
Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. TIM is an extremely efficient enzyme involved in the process that converts sugars to energy in the body. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions. In these reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. Almost all processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are extremely selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the activation energy (ΔG‡) for a reaction, thus dramatically accelerating the rate of the reaction. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze, nor do they alter the equilibrium of these reactions. However, enzymes do differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzymes are known to catalyze about 4,000 biochemical reactions.[1] Not all biochemical catalysts are proteins, since some RNA molecules called ribozymes also catalyze reactions. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules. Inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity; activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. Activity is also affected by temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrate. Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. In addition, some household products use enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions (e.g., enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein or fat stains on clothes; enzymes in meat tenderizers break down proteins, making the meat easier to chew). - 1 Ety..."
Further Data On Term for protease enzymes
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Regularly Occuring Typos with protease enzymes include: rpotease portease prtoease proetase protaese protesae proteaes rotease potease prtease proease protase protese proteae proteas orotease peotease pdotease pfotease ptotease pritease prktease prltease prptease pratease pretease prutease prorease profease progease proyease protwase protsase protdase protrase protaase protiase protoase protuase proteqse protesse protezse proteese proteise proteose proteuse proteaae proteawe proteade proteaxe proteaze proteasw proteass proteasd proteasr proteasa proteasi proteaso proteasu nezymes eznymes enyzmes enzmyes enzyems enzymse nzymes ezymes enymes enzmes enzyes enzyms enzyme wnzymes snzymes dnzymes rnzymes anzymes inzymes onzymes unzymes ebzymes ehzymes ejzymes emzymes enaymes ensymes enxymes enztmes enzhmes enzumes enzynes enzyjes enzykes enzymws enzymss enzymds enzymrs enzymas enzymis enzymos enzymus enzymea enzymew enzymed enzymex enzymez
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